Business fire safety knowledge

As the saying goes, Shuihuowuqing. A burning match, a not extinguished cigarette butts, if we throw anywhere, it will be no end of trouble, it is more likely to bring disaster. Fire work we need a common interest, understanding, support and participation, as long as we work together, work together, eliminate fire hazards, then we will stay away from fire, life and property safety of the country and the people will be a strong guarantee.
Fire prevention focus on prevention, we should master the basic fire prevention, fire fighting and escape self knowledge, learn "how to fire", "How to fire", "how to escape." Fire work well, the probability of fires is very small; the fire occurred, and if it can be promptly extinguished, the fire will not spread; escape to master some basic knowledge in the field will be able to successfully escape a fire.
As a business, while the market for a cost-effective, but also pay attention to production safety, take preventive measures, so as to achieve the interests and security "win-win."
1, shall strictly comply with fire laws, rules, regulations, and implementing the "prevention first, combining anti-consumer" approach fire work, to fulfill the fire safety responsibilities, and ensure that fire safety. Legal representative or the person responsible for illegal units are legal entities responsible for fire safety unit with overall responsibility for the fire safety of the unit. Units should be implemented step by step and job responsibility system for fire safety fire safety responsibility system, a clear chain of fire safety and job responsibilities to determine the levels of the posts responsible for fire safety.
2, fire safety key units shall be established or centralized management functions fire prevention, and to identify full-time or part-time fire management personnel; other units should identify full-time or part-time fire management personnel, centralized management functions to determine fire prevention. Centralized management functions and part-time fire management personnel to carry out fire safety management under the leadership of persons responsible for fire safety or fire safety manager.
3, the unit shall establish and improve the fire safety systems, including fire safety education and training; fire safety inspections, inspection; safe evacuation facility management; Fire (control room) on duty; fire-fighting facilities, equipment, maintenance and management; fire hazard rectification; the use of fire, electricity safety management; hazardous materials and explosive places fire and explosion and so on.
4, fire risk large and medium-sized enterprises, private warehouses and was listed as national key cultural relics of ancient buildings management units shall set up full time fire brigade in accordance with relevant state regulations, and regularly organize fire drill.
5, the organization developing practical fire fighting and emergency evacuation plans in line with the unit, at least every six months to organize a staff escape self-help and put out the initial fire drill.
6, regular units of the fire-fighting facilities, fire fighting equipment and fire safety signs for maintenance, to ensure its integrity and effective. To keep fire doors, fire shutter, fire safety evacuation signs, emergency lighting, mechanical exhaust air, fire and other broadcast facilities in normal working condition.
7, to ensure that evacuation routes, safety exits open. May occupy the evacuation routes or setting affects evacuation obstacle in the evacuation passageway and safety can not be in the business, production, closed during operation of emergency exits, safety evacuation signs shall not be obscured.
8 prohibit the dangerous fire and explosion places to use fire; due to special circumstances require electricity, gas welding and other fire operations, flare departments and personnel should be strictly in accordance with the use of fire management system unit for examination and approval procedures, and give the scene guardian Configuration adequate fire equipment and clear the area of flammable flare, combustibles.
9, comply with the relevant provisions of the State of inflammable and explosive dangerous goods production, use, stockpiling, sale, transport or destruction strict fire safety management. Prohibited to carry kindling into production, storage place inflammable and explosive dangerous goods.
10, fire safety key units shall conduct daily fire safety inspections, and identify patrol personnel, content, location and frequency. Other units may need to be organized according to fire inspections. Fire inspectors shall promptly correct violations can not be disposed of on the spot, it shall immediately report to the authorities.
11, fire watch, patrol officers must stick to their posts can not be AWOL.
12 new employees must be pre-service fire safety training, with special types of fire risk, focusing on fire safety staff positions must be professional training, training rate should reach 100%, and certificates.
13, do not make contact wires Luanla temporary quarters, production plants, factories and other places, and unauthorized use of electrical equipment, prohibit the overload of electricity. Setting prohibited staff quarters in the warehouse, workshop.
14, the company's treatment of the workpiece must be put in a safe place, non-greasy stacked near the ground and wood, paper and other flammable materials.
15, lignite, wet straw, wheat straw, cotton, rapeseed, soybean cake and sticky moving, vegetable oil cotton yarn, gloves, clothing, wood and wipe off the linoleum and other equipment, if stacked together for a long time, it is easy to spontaneous combustion and fire should spare no treatment.
16, stacking plants should be stored in a dry place, while making moisture. Stacking should not be too large, increase ventilation, and let someone detect the temperature and humidity inside the stack to prevent spontaneous combustion caused by flying or fire spread.
17 enterprise employees to do the "three three will understand" that to understand the present position of fire risk, understand the basic fire safety knowledge, know how to fire prevention measures; will report a fire, the fire will be put out early, organized evacuation.
18, after the fire, a timely alarm, had to report, delaying, false fire alarm, or concealing a fire situation. When calling the fire call "119", to clarify the fire units, area, street, house number house, the fire site, burning material, size of the fire, the alarm name and telephone number. After the alarm should be sent at the intersection of collusion, guided fire engines into the fire.
19, electrical wiring or fire, turn off the power first, and then put out fire, otherwise it may cause electric shock injury accident.
20, passes through the smoke to escape, to try to make the body close to the ground, and with a wet towel, cover your mouth with a handkerchief and other low-forward posture, prevent the harm of toxic fumes.
21, after a fire, lived in the lower floor of the trapped people can take advantage of strong rope (if you can not find the rope can be bedding, sheets or curtains and other solid objects torn strips, twist into a rope good), tied on a solid heating pipes, window frames or bed frame, then fell slowly along the ropes to escape.
22, if trapped in the floor above, do not rush to jump, may be temporarily transferred to the floor from time to time other relatively safe refuge bathroom, room, window or balcony, and take practical self-help measures.
23, was trapped in the room available to play flashlight, waving clothing, calls, etc. send a distress signal to the window, waiting for rescue firefighters.
 
Fire, the first fire alarm or the first?
Typically, after a fire alarm and fire fighting should be carried out simultaneously. Fire fighting is against the clock, early warning, fire engines will be early, the fire is extinguished in the early stages; delay time, a small fire could become a fire, a small disaster will become a big disaster. Development of fire is often unpredictable and sometimes seem to fire small, think they can fight the blaze, but often due to various factors, the fire will suddenly expand, this time before the alarm will be delayed fire. According to statistics, fire damage and the size of the alarm sooner or later have a great relationship. Thus, fire alarm and fire fighting should be borne in mind at the same time.
Fire, only one person at the scene, while should help, while out the fire. If you think no ability to extinguish the fire, it should be up alarm, and the alarm on the road barefoot and shout edge running in order to obtain help the masses.
Alarm should calmly and accurately clarify the fire area, street, house number or house fire units, what was burning, the size of the fire, alarm name and the telephone number used.
Fire escape self-help
1, when the fire hit for a quick escape, not lust property.
2, family members usually necessary to understand the basic method to master fire escape, familiar with few escape routes.
3, when subjected to fire threat, to act decisively to put wet clothes, bedding, etc. go out to exit safe direction.
4, through the smoke to escape, to try to make the body close to the ground and cover your mouth with a wet towel.
5, on fire, do not run, or roll may be pressed extinguishing seedlings with heavy clothing.
6, can not take the elevator in case of fire, want to secure export direction of escape.
7, outdoor fire, when the door is hot, do not open the door to prevent the fire fleeing the room. Use wet bedding, clothing and other blocked doors and windows, and splashing water cooling.
8, if all fire escape routes are blocked, they should immediately return the room, playing with a flashlight, waving clothing, calls, etc. send a distress signal to the window, waiting for rescue.
9, do not blindly jump, can take advantage of staircases, balconies, drainage pipes to escape, or the bed sheets, quilt torn strips together into a rope, tied tightly to the window frame, iron railings and other fixtures, along the rope or down to the floor are not out of the woods on fire.
Smoking Points for Attention
Ignite common combustible materials, such as cotton, linen, paper, furniture and other objects of only about 200 ℃ to 300 ℃, while the temperature of the cigarette after ignition of the combustible material than these two or three times higher than the ignition temperature, and a cigarette continued to burn the time is about 10-20 minutes, the fire caused a long time, therefore, to alert smokers comrades:
1, do not smoke in bed or on the couch;
2, not casual, no matter the occasion, readily throw cigarette butts and matchsticks;
3, do not smoke during maintenance and cleaning car parts;
4, do not let the ashes fall onto combustibles during smoking;
5, do not look at the case location spill any ashes;
6, not in a haste to not extinguish cigarette butts into the pocket;
7, do not put lit cigarettes lying on the readily combustible materials;
 8, do not smoke in prohibited places with fire.
Common fire fighting methods
  1. Home appliances fire --- TV or microwave ovens and other home appliances suddenly caught fire smoke, unplug the power cord should be promptly cut off power to prevent electric shock when fire casualties; quilts, blankets and other electrical items will be wrapped airtight up , isolated from the air; with fire extinguishers, fire fighting, fire extinguishing agent directly at the screen and other parts should not, prevent the explosion caused by thermal expansion and contraction.
2. Household stove fire extinguishers available directly to the fire source --- injection; or water being poured on the burning items, or covered with a blanket and then poured some water, put out the fire, still more water, and allowed to cool prevent reignition.
3. kitchen pan fire must not do --- then pour the pan, otherwise the high temperatures encountered in cold oil, there will be the fryer, the oil fire flying everywhere, leading to increased fire casualties. It should: Immediately turn off the gas valve, cut off the gas source, and then use a fire extinguisher at the soup children or wall spray fire extinguishing agent to reflection over the fire; or covered with a large pan lid, or cast a wet towel or pour a lot of vegetables, reduce the oil temperature, put out the fire.
4. Fixed fire --- furniture fixed furniture found in fire, shall promptly next combustible, flammable materials away, if a fire extinguisher in the home, that are ready to pick up the fire extinguisher, the fire furniture spray. If there is no fire extinguisher, a bucket, basins, cooking pots filled with water to fight the blaze, etc., to gain time, fire nipped in the bud.
5. The clothes hair on fire --- clothes on fire, do not panic, run around, not casually swat, so the wind to help the fire, the combustion more vigorously, or ignite other combustible materials. You should immediately leave the scene, and later lying in situ, hand guarding the body roll face or the body wall snapping fire extinguished; or heavy clothing around him, the pressure extinguishing seedlings; if there are near the pool, or are at home, bath water, anxious to jump into, rely on water cooling off the body of the flame. When the hair is on fire, it should be calm, calm, do not run around. Shall be promptly cotton clothes or towels, bags and so on over the head, then watering extinguish the fire.
6. fabrics for curtains on fire --- the most effective fire-hour watering should splash in the flame above the arc; or wet broom beating flame; if the water has a chance to fire, the curtains can be torn off, with the foot off.
7. petrol --- gas fire quickly turn off the valve, fire extinguisher, fire extinguisher immediately. No fire extinguishers, sand or fighting, or the wet blanket, covering the body on fire, but do not their watering, otherwise it would be floating on the water of oil continued to burn, and as the water spread everywhere, expand burning area, threatening the security around.
8. alcohol solution available sand Fight fire --- or with wet sacks, quilts and other covering fire. If you have anti-insoluble foam fire extinguisher can be used to fire. Even as regular foam sprayed on alcohol, can be isolated from the air in the foam layer can not be formed on the surface of alcohol. Therefore, the alcohol solution, such as a fire, should be preferred anti-insoluble foam fire extinguishers to fight the blaze.
Fire self knowledge
Escape self-help, requires skill, time is life, self-help in order to survive I hereby provide the following comprehensive method to escape the usual method of disposal in accordance with relevant, for reference.
1, if the body clothes due to electrostatic effects or accidental smoke, fire, or shall promptly took off his clothes torn, roll or local fire extinguished, but be careful not to roll too fast. Be sure not wearing running clothes on fire. If water can be rapidly with irrigated off, but when the fire burns the body, must not be irrigated to prevent infection.
2, if the dormitory, classrooms, laboratories, halls, hotels, restaurants, canteens, baths, supermarkets and other fire, the following methods can be used to escape.
(1) towels, handkerchiefs to cover their nose and mouth protection law
Flue gas having a high temperature due to fire, toxic, less oxygen, carbon monoxide and more features, easily lead to respiratory system after inhalation burns or poisoning nerve center, so the evacuation process should be used wet towel or handkerchief over your mouth and nose ( but towels and handkerchiefs thickness of no more than six). Note: Do not evacuate downwind, upwind shall promptly fled to escape the smoke and fire damage. Due to fire, smoke too much accumulation in the upper space, spread quickly upward, lateral spread characteristics slow, so when escape, do not walk upright, should bend or crawl, but the city gas or liquefied petroleum gas fire when not It should crawl mode.
(2) Body cover method.
The wet cotton coats, quilts, curtain son, blankets, sacks and other cover on the body to determine the escape routes, the fastest straight out of the fire to reach a safe place, but note that cover their nose and mouth care, to prevent carbon monoxide poisoning.
(3) containment method.
If the door or hallway, next to the fire bigger, can not be evacuated, retreat into an inner room, the door can be used towels, blankets, quilts, mattress or other fabric sealed to prevent heat, cooling water can continue upwards . Prevent external flame and smoke intrusion, and thus inhibit the spread of fire speed, extend the time purposes.
(4) Bathroom Asylum Act.
In case of fire, when it is no escape, you can use the bathroom to evacuate. Because the bathroom humidity, low temperature, water can be poured on the door, on the ground, cooling, water can also be ejected from door to door at controlling the spread of fire or to achieve cooling purposes.
(5) multi-story fire escape method.
If the multi-storey fire, because smoke when the fire stairs particularly violent, you can use the house balcony, water downpipe, awning escape, can also be used rope, fire hose can also be used instead of torn sheet Article connection, but tight end firmly tied to the heating system pipes or radiators sheet on hook (radiator hook), windows and doors or other heavy object in the slide down the rope.
(6) was forced to jump from a building to escape law.
As unconditionally take such self-help approach, and the time and is very urgent and serious threat fireworks, when forced to jump from a building, the lower floor of this method can be used to escape, but first to the ground after throwing some of the quilts, sofa cushions, in order to increase the buffer, then windowsill hand sliding down to narrow the jumping height, and ensure that your feet first landing.
3, help the fire method.
When a fire occurs, in the window, balcony, overcast Taiwan, roof, roof or floor of the refuge, call out loudly, banging metal objects, throwing soft objects, night ** may sound flashlight, lighters and other items, bright, issued a distress signal. Attention of rescue personnel, to gain time to escape.